FAR Part 91 — General Operating Rules
120 flashcards
Who is directly responsible for, and the final authority as to, the operation of an aircraft?
14 CFR § 91.3
Can a PIC deviate from FAR Part 91 rules in an emergency?
14 CFR § 91.3
Who is responsible for determining whether a civil aircraft is in condition for safe flight?
14 CFR § 91.7
What must a pilot comply with regarding operating limitations for a certificated aircraft?
14 CFR § 91.9
What does § 91.13 prohibit regarding aircraft operation?
14 CFR § 91.13
How long before a flight must you abstain from drinking alcohol?
14 CFR § 91.17
What is the maximum allowable blood alcohol concentration for a crewmember?
14 CFR § 91.17
May a pilot carry a person who appears intoxicated?
14 CFR § 91.17
What preflight action is required before any IFR flight or a flight not in the vicinity of an airport?
14 CFR § 91.103
What takeoff and landing distance information must a PIC review before any flight?
14 CFR § 91.103
When must flight crewmembers keep their safety belts fastened?
14 CFR § 91.105
When must a required flight crewmember keep their shoulder harness fastened?
14 CFR § 91.105
What must the PIC do regarding seat belts before takeoff?
14 CFR § 91.107
During takeoff and landing, where must each person on board be seated?
14 CFR § 91.107
What equipment is required on a civil aircraft used for flight instruction?
14 CFR § 91.109
What is required to fly under simulated instrument conditions (under the hood)?
14 CFR § 91.109
Is formation flight permitted?
14 CFR § 91.111
Which type of aircraft has the right-of-way over all others when converging?
14 CFR § 91.113
When two same-category aircraft are converging at the same altitude, which has the right-of-way?
14 CFR § 91.113
When two aircraft are approaching head-on, what must each pilot do?
14 CFR § 91.113
When one aircraft is overtaking another, which has the right-of-way, and how must the overtaking pilot maneuver?
14 CFR § 91.113
When two or more aircraft are approaching to land, which has the right-of-way?
14 CFR § 91.113
What is the maximum indicated airspeed below 10,000 feet MSL?
14 CFR § 91.117
What is the speed limit at or below 2,500 feet AGL within 4 nautical miles of the primary airport of Class C or Class D airspace?
14 CFR § 91.117
What is the speed limit in airspace underlying Class B airspace or in a VFR corridor through Class B airspace?
14 CFR § 91.117
What is the minimum safe altitude over a congested area (city, town, or open-air assembly)?
14 CFR § 91.119
What is the minimum safe altitude over other than congested areas?
14 CFR § 91.119
What altimeter setting must a pilot use when operating below 18,000 feet MSL?
14 CFR § 91.121
What altimeter setting must a pilot use when operating at or above 18,000 feet MSL?
14 CFR § 91.121
What must a pilot do when uncertain of an ATC clearance?
14 CFR § 91.123
Under what circumstances may a pilot deviate from an ATC clearance?
14 CFR § 91.123
If given ATC priority in an emergency and ATC requests a report, when must the pilot submit it?
14 CFR § 91.123
What does a steady green light signal mean to an aircraft on the surface? In flight?
14 CFR § 91.125
What does a flashing red light signal mean to an aircraft on the surface? In flight?
14 CFR § 91.125
What does a steady red light signal mean to an aircraft on the surface? In flight?
14 CFR § 91.125
What does an alternating red and green light signal mean?
14 CFR § 91.125
What does a flashing white light signal mean to an aircraft on the surface?
14 CFR § 91.125
At an airport without an operating control tower in Class G airspace, what traffic pattern direction must a fixed-wing pilot use?
14 CFR § 91.126
When must you establish two-way radio communications with a control tower at airports in Class G or Class E airspace?
14 CFR § 91.126 / § 91.127
What are the communications requirements before entering Class D airspace?
14 CFR § 91.129
What must you do if your radio fails in flight under VFR while in Class D airspace?
14 CFR § 91.129
What equipment is required to operate in Class C airspace?
14 CFR § 91.130
What is required before operating in Class B airspace?
14 CFR § 91.131
What pilot certificate is required to take off or land at an airport within Class B airspace?
14 CFR § 91.131
What flight rules are required in Class A airspace?
14 CFR § 91.135
What is the minimum VFR fuel reserve for a day flight in an airplane?
14 CFR § 91.151
What is the minimum VFR fuel reserve for a night flight in an airplane?
14 CFR § 91.151
When filing a VFR flight plan, what information about fuel must be included?
14 CFR § 91.153
After completing or canceling a VFR flight plan, what must the pilot do?
14 CFR § 91.153
What are the basic VFR weather minimums in Class B airspace?
14 CFR § 91.155
What are the basic VFR weather minimums in Class C, D, and E airspace below 10,000 feet MSL?
14 CFR § 91.155
What are the basic VFR weather minimums in Class E or G airspace at or above 10,000 feet MSL?
14 CFR § 91.155
What are the VFR weather minimums in Class G airspace at 1,200 feet AGL or less during the day (for aircraft other than helicopters)?
14 CFR § 91.155
What are the VFR weather minimums in Class G airspace at 1,200 feet AGL or less at night (for aircraft other than helicopters)?
14 CFR § 91.155
When is the minimum ceiling required to operate VFR under controlled airspace designated to the surface for an airport?
14 CFR § 91.155
What is the minimum ground (or flight) visibility required to take off or land at a towered airport in Class B, C, D, or E surface area?
14 CFR § 91.155
What is Special VFR, and what are its basic weather minimums?
14 CFR § 91.157
What are the VFR cruising altitude rules for eastbound flight below 18,000 feet MSL?
14 CFR § 91.159
What are the VFR cruising altitude rules for westbound flight below 18,000 feet MSL?
14 CFR § 91.159
When do VFR cruising altitude rules apply?
14 CFR § 91.159
What is the IFR fuel requirement for a flight to a destination that requires an alternate airport?
14 CFR § 91.167
When is an alternate airport NOT required on an IFR flight plan?
14 CFR § 91.167 / § 91.169
What weather minimums apply at an IFR alternate airport that has a precision approach procedure?
14 CFR § 91.169
What weather minimums apply at an IFR alternate airport that has a nonprecision approach procedure?
14 CFR § 91.169
What weather minimums apply at an IFR alternate airport that has no instrument approach procedure?
14 CFR § 91.169
How often must a VOR used for IFR navigation be checked, and what is the maximum permitted bearing error using a VOT or ground checkpoint?
14 CFR § 91.171
What is the maximum VOR bearing error allowed using an airborne checkpoint for IFR?
14 CFR § 91.171
How can dual VOR systems be checked against each other for IFR currency?
14 CFR § 91.171
What must be recorded after performing a VOR operational check?
14 CFR § 91.171
What must a pilot have before operating under IFR in controlled airspace?
14 CFR § 91.173
Under IFR, what visual references must be distinctly visible before descending below MDA or DA/DH to land?
14 CFR § 91.175
When must a pilot execute a missed approach procedure under IFR?
14 CFR § 91.175
What is the minimum IFR altitude when no MEA is published and the flight is not over a mountainous area?
14 CFR § 91.177
What is the minimum IFR altitude when no MEA is published and flying over a designated mountainous area?
14 CFR § 91.177
What are the IFR cruising altitude rules in uncontrolled airspace for eastbound flight below 18,000 feet MSL?
14 CFR § 91.179
What are the IFR cruising altitude rules in uncontrolled airspace for westbound flight below 18,000 feet MSL?
14 CFR § 91.179
What course must be flown while operating in controlled airspace under IFR on an airway?
14 CFR § 91.181
What must a pilot operating IFR in controlled airspace report to ATC?
14 CFR § 91.183
If a radio failure occurs in VFR conditions while flying IFR, what must the pilot do?
14 CFR § 91.185
If a radio failure occurs in IFR conditions, what route should the pilot fly?
14 CFR § 91.185
After a radio failure in IFR conditions, what altitude should the pilot fly?
14 CFR § 91.185
What must a pilot report when a navigation, approach, or communication equipment malfunction occurs during IFR flight in controlled airspace?
14 CFR § 91.187
What documents must be on board a civil aircraft to operate legally?
14 CFR § 91.203
What instruments and equipment are required for VFR day flight in a powered civil aircraft?
14 CFR § 91.205
What additional equipment is required for VFR night flight beyond the day VFR requirements?
14 CFR § 91.205
What instruments are required for IFR flight in addition to the VFR requirements?
14 CFR § 91.205
When is an ELT required on a U.S.-registered civil airplane, and what type?
14 CFR § 91.207
When must ELT batteries be replaced?
14 CFR § 91.207
How often must an ELT be inspected?
14 CFR § 91.207
When must aircraft position lights be on?
14 CFR § 91.209
When must an aircraft's anticollision lights be on?
14 CFR § 91.209
At what altitude must the flight crew use supplemental oxygen if the flight at that altitude exceeds 30 minutes?
14 CFR § 91.211
Above what cabin pressure altitude must the flight crew use supplemental oxygen for the entire flight at that altitude?
14 CFR § 91.211
Above what cabin pressure altitude must ALL occupants be provided supplemental oxygen?
14 CFR § 91.211
What options exist for operating with an inoperative instrument or piece of equipment without an MEL?
14 CFR § 91.213
Where is a transponder with Mode C altitude reporting required?
14 CFR § 91.215
Must you squawk your assigned code when in controlled airspace with an operating transponder?
14 CFR § 91.215
Where is aerobatic flight prohibited?
14 CFR § 91.303
When carrying passengers other than crewmembers, what is required before performing a maneuver exceeding 60 degrees of bank or 30 degrees pitch?
14 CFR § 91.307
How recently must a parachute packed with nylon or synthetic materials have been packed to be carried for emergency use?
14 CFR § 91.307
Who is primarily responsible for maintaining an aircraft in an airworthy condition?
14 CFR § 91.403
What must happen before an aircraft can be returned to service after maintenance?
14 CFR § 91.407
After maintenance that may have appreciably changed flight characteristics, what must occur before carrying passengers?
14 CFR § 91.407
How often must most civil aircraft receive an annual inspection?
14 CFR § 91.409
When is a 100-hour inspection required in addition to the annual inspection?
14 CFR § 91.409
By how much can the 100-hour inspection interval be exceeded, and how is the excess time handled?
14 CFR § 91.409
How often must the altimeter system and altitude reporting equipment be tested for IFR operations in controlled airspace?
14 CFR § 91.411
How often must an ATC transponder be tested and inspected?
14 CFR § 91.413
How long must maintenance records for specific work performed (such as an annual inspection) be retained?
14 CFR § 91.417
How long must airframe total-time records and life-limited parts status records be retained?
14 CFR § 91.417
What does a flashing green light signal mean to an aircraft on the surface? In flight?
14 CFR § 91.125
Under IFR with a radio failure in IFR conditions, when should you begin your approach at the destination?
14 CFR § 91.185
What must a pilot flying IFR in controlled airspace continuously monitor?
14 CFR § 91.183
What is the minimum visibility required for aerobatic flight?
14 CFR § 91.303
What is the minimum altitude for aerobatic flight?
14 CFR § 91.303
Can a pilot descend below 100 feet above the touchdown zone elevation using only the approach lights as the sole visual reference?
14 CFR § 91.175
In Class G airspace between 1,200 and 10,000 feet AGL during the day, what are the VFR weather minimums?
14 CFR § 91.155
What is required before operating a civil aircraft under IFR using the VOR navigation system?
14 CFR § 91.171
What are the three ways a MOCA differs from a MEA, and when can a pilot fly the MOCA?
14 CFR § 91.177
What flight visibility must exist at or above 10,000 feet MSL in Class E or G airspace to fly VFR?
14 CFR § 91.155
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