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During NAVAID maintenance, how does a pilot know a facility is officially off the air?

Answer

During maintenance, the coded identification is removed from the NAVAID. Removal of identification is the official warning that the facility is off the air and may be unreliable even if intermittent or constant signals are still received. VHF ranges may also radiate a TEST code (– · – ·) during maintenance periods.

AIM 1-1-11
Read the full regulation — AIM 1-1-11
1-1-11. NAVAID Identifier Removal During Maintenance
During periods of routine or emergency maintenance, coded identification (or code and voice, where applicable)
is removed from certain FAA NA V AIDs. Removal of identification serves as a warning to pilots that the facility
is officially off the air for tune-up or repair and may be unreliable even though intermittent or constant signals
are received.
NOTE-
During periods of maintenance VHF ranges may radiate a T-E-S-T code (-  -).
NOTE-
DO NOT attempt to fly a procedure that is NOTAMed out of service even if the identification is present. In certain cases,
the identification may be transmitted for short periods as part of the testing.

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