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How should you avoid wake turbulence when landing behind a large aircraft?

Answer

Stay at or above the large aircraft's approach path and land beyond its touchdown point. Vortices sink and tend to drift with the wind, so on a crosswind, the upwind vortex moves toward the runway.

AIM 7-3-6
Read the full regulation — AIM 7-3-6
7-3-6. Examples for Calculating Altitude Corrections on CTAs
All 14 CFR part 97 IAPs must be corrected at an airport. The following example provides the steps for correcting
the different segments of an approach and will be applied to all 14 CFR part 97 IAPs:
a. Missoula Intl (KMSO). Reported Temperature -12 degC: RNA V (GPS) Y RWY 12.
1. All Segments Method: All segments corrected from IAF through MA holding altitude.
(a) Manual Calculation:
(1) Cold Temperature Restricted Airport Temperature Limit: -12 degC.
(2) Altitude at the Final Approach Fix (FAF) (SUPPY) = 6200 ft.
(3) Airport elevation = 3206 ft.
(4) Difference: 6200 ft - 3206 ft = 2994 ft.
(5) Use TBL 7-3-1, ICAO Cold Temperature Error Table, a height above airport of 2994 ft and -12 degC.
Visual interpolation is approximately 300 ft. Actual interpolation is 300 ft.
(6) Add 300 ft to the FAF and all procedure altitudes outside of the FAF up to and including IAF
altitude(s):
[a] LANNY (IAF), CHARL (IAF), and ODIRE (IAF Holding-in-Lieu): 9400 + 300 = 9700 ft.
[b] CALIP (stepdown fix): 7000 + 300 = 7300 ft.
[c] SUPPY (FAF):  6200 + 300 = 6500 ft.
(7) Correct altitudes within the final segment altitude based on the minima used. LP MDA = 4520 ft.
(8) Difference: 4520 ft - 3206 ft = 1314 ft.
(9) AIM 7-3-1 Table: 1314 ft at -12 degC is approximately 150ft. Use 150 ft or round up to 200 ft.
(10) Add corrections to altitudes up to but not including the FAF:
[a] BEGPE (stepdown fix): 4840 + 150 = 4990 ft.
[b] LNA V MDA: 4520 + 150 = 4670 ft.
(11) Correct JENKI/Missed Approach Holding Altitude: MA altitude is 12000:
[a] JENKI: 12000 - 3206 = 8794 ft.
(12) TBL 7-3-1: 8794 ft at -12 degC. Enter table at -12 degC and intersect the 5000 ft height above airport
column. The approximate value is 500 ft.
(13) Add correction to holding fix final altitude:
7-3-6 Cold Temperature Barometric Altimeter Errors, Setting Procedures and Cold Temperature
Airports (CTA)

2/20/25 AIM
[a] JENKI: 12000 + 500 = 12500 ft.
b. Temperature Compensating System: Operators using a temperature compensating RNA V system to make
altitude corrections will be set to the current airport temperature (-12 degC) and activated prior to passing the IAF.
A manual calculation of the cold temperature altitude correction is required for the MDA/DA.
1. Individual Segments Method: Missoula requires correction in the intermediate and final segments.
However, in this example, the missed approach is also shown.
(a) Manual Calculation: Use the appropriate steps in the All Segments Method above to apply a
correction to the required segment.
(1) Intermediate. Use steps 7-3-6a1(a)(1) thru (6). Do not correct the IAF or IF when using individual
segments method.
(2) Final. Use steps 7-3-6a1(a)(7) thru (10).
(3) Missed Approach. Use steps 7-3-6a1(a)(11) thru (13).
(b) Temperature Compensating System: Operators using a temperature compensating RNA V system to
make altitude corrections will be set to the current airport temperature (-12 degC) and activated at a point needed
to correct the altitude for the segment. A manual calculation of the cold temperature altitude correction is required
for the MDA/DA.
Cold Temperature Barometric Altimeter Errors, Setting Procedures and Cold Temperature 7-3-7
Airports (CTA)

 AIM 2/20/25
FIG 7-3-2
Missoula Intl RNA V (GPS) Y RWY 12
7-3-8 Cold Temperature Barometric Altimeter Errors, Setting Procedures and Cold Temperature
Airports (CTA)

2/20/25 AIM
Section 4. Wake Turbulence

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